ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a condition that can lead to difficulties with various attentional processes and certain cognitive-behavioral areas, resulting in core symptoms such as: 

 

Attention Deficits 

ADHD does not cause difficulties in all attentional processes. The main issues occur in two types of attention: 

• Sustained Attention: The ability to maintain concentration over time. 

• Selective Attention: The ability to focus on a single object without becoming fatigued. 

Conversely, individuals with ADHD often perform well in tasks that require: 

• Divided Attention: Activated when managing multiple stimuli simultaneously. For example, studying while listening to music or watching a movie while chatting on a phone. Individuals with ADHD often excel in these scenarios, which can help reduce procrastination on unmotivating tasks. 

• Hyperfocus: When a task or action ignites their motivation and satisfaction, students with ADHD can work for extended periods on that task. 

 

Impulsivity 

Impulsivity in some individuals with ADHD can lead to various difficulties, such as: 

• Interrupting teachers or classmates during conversations. 

• Skipping turns in discussions. 

• Acting or speaking without thinking. 

 

Dysfunction in Working Memory 

Working memory is used during activities like reading and writing. It encompasses various executive functions, and individuals with ADHD may face challenges particularly with: 

• Planning and Organizing Study: Difficulty organizing tasks and study materials. 

• Time Management: Challenges in effectively managing time. 

• Task Sequencing: Trouble breaking down complex tasks into manageable steps. 

• Internal Speech: Using self-instructions for behavioral and verbal self-control (e.g., “be quiet,” “pay attention,” “think,” “reread the question,” etc.). 

 

Hyperactivity 

Hyperactivity is a symptom found in some individuals with ADHD, but not all. Therefore, there are different types of ADHD: Inattentive or Combined. 

• Excess Movement: Hyperactivity involves excessive movement as the brain seeks self-stimulation. Medication often significantly reduces hyperactivity. As the brain matures and activates more regions, this heightened movement typically decreases. 

 

Facilitating Strategies 

Teachers play a crucial role in building their students' self-esteem. Using appropriate language can help achieve this by emphasizing their strengths, such as: 

• Work ethic 

• Joyfulness 

• Generosity 

• Intelligence 

• Sociability 

• Respect for others 

• Organizational skills 

• Creativity 

• Sportsmanship 

• Kindness 

• Sincerity 

Electronic Devices 

Utilizing tablets or computers for curricular content can enhance attention and performance. 

Sequenced Exams 

Conducting exams in a sequenced manner, with one question per page, is beneficial for students. Some students may perform better with oral examinations. 

Time Management 

Teaching students to manage time effectively is essential. Having a clock on their desk and in the classroom, which they can easily see, can be helpful. 

Small Group Work 

When group work is necessary, smaller groups of 2 or 3 members are preferable. 

Reading 

Instruct students to read instructions carefully. Use highlighters to emphasize verbs, actions, or relevant data needed for successful answers. 

Tutoring 

Teachers who have a good relationship with these students could establish weekly 10-minute tutoring sessions to assist with any problems that arise, whether academic or personal. 

Activities to Combat Fatigue 

To help manage fatigue, provide activities such as construction games, painting, using clay, or paper folding (origami) when appropriate and based on their age. 

Positive Reinforcement 

Providing positive reinforcement is crucial. For example, drawing smiley faces in their agendas or writing encouraging notes on post-its for older students. 

Emphasizing Rules 

It’s essential that students understand the rules, so provide them in writing. Display them in the classroom with minimal text and illustrations depicting the rules (e.g., raising a hand to ask questions). Be mindful that having too many rules can make compliance difficult. 

 

Top Teacher Tips 

• Use Seating Plans: Position students where they can focus better. 

• Give Written Instructions: Providing instructions in writing can enhance understanding. 

• Provide Reinforcement Through Gestures: Use non-verbal cues like winking, shoulder taps, behavior contracts, or point systems. 

• Ensure They Keep Track in Their Agenda: Encourage students to jot down notes with their desk partner. 

• Allow Bathroom Breaks or Errands: These actions can provide the movement students need.